Make a tax deductible contribution

Main Menu Home About Us Contact Us MHS eNewsletter Composers Conductors Instrumentalists Vocalists Featured Artists & Groups Reviews Donors Search Site for... Links Newsflash Fun Stuff Hot Topic! Predicting the Future of Orchestras Classical Music & Today's Youths Ghana @ 50: Journals of Rodger French Solos for Treble Instruments--Sheet Music Education and the Diversity Dilemma, Pt. 2 Education & the Diversity Dilemma, Pt. 1 Walker Sonata No. 1 for Solo Piano Hope Briggs & SFO Black Orchestras Pt. 10 Black Orchestras Pt. 9 A Message from Sinfo-Nia Black Orchestras Pt. 8 Black Orchestras Pt. 7 Black Orchestras Pt. 6 Black Orchestras Pt. 5 Black Orchestras Pt. 4 New Research on Arts Audience Attitudes and Behavior Support Fisk University Celebrating Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Black Orchestras Pt. 3 Wendell Weaver--Music Ed (1) Black in Canada want Black-focused school Wendell Weaver--Music Ed (2) December eNewsletter correction Wendell Weaver--Music Ed (3) On Black Men & Boys Wendell Weaver--Music Ed (4) The Power of Words Wendell Weaver--Music Ed (5) Hope Briggs returns Celebrating Dr. King Part 2 Institutionalized Racism Musings on Mentors and Mentees Black Orchestras Pt. 2 Beethoven was BLACK! Black Orchestras Pt. 1 Call for Diversity in Orchestras Relevancy of CMOC Children at Concerts Talking to Audiences Concert Hall Etiquette Defining Black Music US Black Classical Instrument Discrimination Love for Sale? Bibliography Events Myrtle on the Web Guestbook Finding the truth is not enough. What we also have to find is justice.                                ~Rigoberta Menchu Beethoven was BLACK! Thursday, 27 September 2007 Beethoven as a Black composer by Dominique-René de Lerma, Lawrence University It is time to put to rest the belief/theory/hope that Beethoven had African ancestry, a factor somewhat implied during his life and intensified by Joel Augustus Rogers.  When Rogers published a picture of Beethoven the portrait was darkened.  On the facing page was a picture of Clarence Cameron White, as I remember, whose picture was very lightened by contrast.  The work of Rogers should not be belittled but, unable to interest publishers he approached, he was forced to publish his own works, thereby not having these reviewed in advance by an outside jury. In 2005, Cecil Adams of the Chicago Reader stated that, as far as he was aware, “no one in a position to know has taken the idea of Beethoven’s being Black seriously, but the story survives.  Too bad.” (cited at http://www.straightdope.com/columns/050527.html).  I have searched all scholarly literature that might be relevant in German, Dutch, Flemish, Italian, and English.  It is not at all uncommon for European musicologists to dedicate monographs to such matters as a composer’s physicians or ancestry, and I have not found even a single suggestion that Beethoven had any Caribbean, Moorish, or Spanish heritage.  Rogers did locate Frederick Hertz’ Rasse und Kulture from 1925, which includes the statement “Man kann in Beethovens Physiognomie leicht negerähnliche Zuge finden,” but this, to which Beethoven’s friends observed obliquely, offers no more proof than the 15 other sources Rogers consulted.  Darryl Pickney, at Harvard University’s Alain LeRoy Locke lectures, dismisses the theory (published in his Out There; Mavericks of Black Literature, New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2002). On his father’s side, the great grandfather was Henry Adelard, a tailor who died in 1745.  His son, Louis van Beethoven (born in 1712), a tenor, moved from Louvain to Bonn and was appointed Kappelmeister to the Elector in 1733.  His wife was Maria Josepha Poll.  The youngest of their three children, Johann (born about 1740) was Beethoven’s father.  He was married in 1767 to Maria Magdalena Keverich who was the widow of Johannes Leym, of Trier.  Maria’s mother had the maiden name of Westorff.  When confronted with these facts advocates of the “Black Beethoven” theory argue that Beethoven’s mother was from the Caribbean.  This was not so.  If it were, and it would certainly have been fully documented, it would be reason for extraordinary discomfort on the part of the Nazis, who regarded those of African ancestry as half apes.  This would also certainly have been noted by Maud Cuney-Hare in her study of her own people in 1936, Negro musicians and their music. There is certainly no doubt that, despite his fervent romanticism, Beethoven was heir to the age of enlightenment and that his musical pun of including a Turkish march in the finale of his last symphony must be allied with the text, “Alle Menschen werden Brüder.”  In spirit, Beethoven is united with the African concept of the community and the spiritual, like John Coltrane, but we are richly blessed by authentic Black heroes.  Having Beethoven as an in-law is quite sufficient.   < Prev   Next > [ Back ]       © 2012 myrtlehart.org Joomla! is Free Software released under the GNU/GPL License.

1
SELECT folder, element, published, params
 FROM jos_mambots
 WHERE published >= 1
 AND access <= 0
 AND folder = 'system'
 ORDER BY ordering
2
SELECT template
 FROM jos_templates_menu
 WHERE client_id = 0
 AND ( menuid = 0  OR menuid = 175 )
 ORDER BY menuid DESC
LIMIT 1
3
DELETE FROM jos_session
 WHERE (
 ( time < '1328745142' )
 AND guest = 0
 AND gid > 0
 ) OR (
 ( time < '1328745142' )
 AND guest = 1
 AND userid = 0
 )
4
SELECT *
 FROM jos_session
 WHERE session_id = '489b4d4ed9896b82e26f92848f3bee81'
5
SELECT session_id
 FROM jos_session
 WHERE session_id = '2d4b3e2574b54a27d31f9e8a1907df2f'
6
INSERT INTO jos_session ( `session_id`,`time`,`username`,`gid`,`guest` ) VALUES ( '2d4b3e2574b54a27d31f9e8a1907df2f','1328746042','','0','1' )
7
SELECT `params` FROM `jos_mambots` WHERE `element`='azrul.system'
8
SELECT COUNT(*)
 FROM jos_stats_agents
 WHERE agent = 'Unknown'
 AND type = 0
9
UPDATE jos_stats_agents
 SET hits = ( hits + 1 )
 WHERE agent = 'Unknown'
 AND type = 0
10
SELECT COUNT(*)
 FROM jos_stats_agents
 WHERE agent = 'Unknown'
 AND type = 1
11
UPDATE jos_stats_agents
 SET hits = ( hits + 1 )
 WHERE agent = 'Unknown'
 AND type = 1
12
SELECT COUNT(*)
 FROM jos_stats_agents
 WHERE agent = 'Unknown'
 AND type = 2
13
UPDATE jos_stats_agents
 SET hits = ( hits + 1 )
 WHERE agent = 'Unknown'
 AND type = 2
14
SELECT *
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE id = 175
15
SELECT a.*, u.name AS author, u.usertype, cc.name AS category, s.name AS section, g.name AS groups,
 s.published AS sec_pub, cc.published AS cat_pub, s.access AS sec_access, cc.access AS cat_access,
 s.id AS sec_id, cc.id as cat_id
 FROM jos_content AS a
 LEFT JOIN jos_categories AS cc ON cc.id = a.catid
 LEFT JOIN jos_sections AS s ON s.id = cc.section AND s.scope = 'content'
 LEFT JOIN jos_users AS u ON u.id = a.created_by
 LEFT JOIN jos_groups AS g ON a.access = g.id
 WHERE a.id = 182 AND ( a.state = 1 OR a.state = -1 )
 AND ( a.publish_up = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_up <= '2012-02-08 17:07' )
 AND ( a.publish_down = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_down >= '2012-02-08 17:07' )
 AND a.access <= 0
16
SELECT a.id
 FROM jos_content AS a
 WHERE a.catid = 1
 AND a.state = 1
 AND a.access <= 0 AND ( a.state = 1 OR a.state = -1 )
 AND ( a.publish_up = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_up <= '2012-02-08 17:07' )
 AND ( a.publish_down = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR a.publish_down >= '2012-02-08 17:07' )
 ORDER BY a.ordering
17
UPDATE jos_content
 SET hits = ( hits + 1 )
 WHERE id = '182'
18
SELECT folder, element, published, params
 FROM jos_mambots
 WHERE access <= 0
 AND folder = 'content'
 ORDER BY ordering
19
SELECT * FROM jos_jreactConfig LIMIT 1
20
SELECT a.*
 FROM jos_components AS a
 WHERE ( a.admin_menu_link = 'option=com_syndicate' OR a.admin_menu_link = 'option=com_syndicate&hidemainmenu=1' )
 AND a.option = 'com_syndicate'
21
SELECT id, title, module, position, content, showtitle, params
 FROM jos_modules AS m
 INNER JOIN jos_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id
 WHERE m.published = 1
 AND m.access <= 0
 AND m.client_id != 1
 AND ( mm.menuid = 0 OR mm.menuid = 175 )
 ORDER BY ordering
22
SELECT m.*
 FROM jos_menu AS m
 WHERE menutype = 'mainmenu'
 AND published = 1
 AND access <= 0
 ORDER BY parent, ordering
23
select published from jos_categories where id=3
24
select s.published from jos_sections s, jos_categories c where c.id=3 and c.section=s.id
25
SELECT * FROM jos_content
 WHERE catid=3
 AND ( publish_up = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR publish_up <= now() )
            AND ( publish_down = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR publish_down >= now() )
            AND state = 1
 ORDER BY created DESC
 LIMIT 100
26
select published from jos_categories where id=22
27
select s.published from jos_sections s, jos_categories c where c.id=22 and c.section=s.id
28
SELECT * FROM jos_content
 WHERE catid=22
 AND ( publish_up = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR publish_up <= now() )
            AND ( publish_down = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR publish_down >= now() )
            AND state = 1
 ORDER BY created DESC
 LIMIT 100
29
select published from jos_categories where id=39
30
select s.published from jos_sections s, jos_categories c where c.id=39 and c.section=s.id
31
SELECT * FROM jos_content
 WHERE catid=39
 AND ( publish_up = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR publish_up <= now() )
            AND ( publish_down = '0000-00-00 00:00:00' OR publish_down >= now() )
            AND state = 1
 ORDER BY created DESC
 LIMIT 100
32
SELECT m.*
 FROM jos_menu AS m
 WHERE menutype = 'funstuff'
 AND published = 1
 AND access <= 0
 ORDER BY parent, ordering
33
SELECT COUNT( id )
 FROM jos_menu 
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
34
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=219'
35
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=198'
36
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=175'
37
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=171'
38
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=164'
39
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=163'
40
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=8'
41
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=153'
42
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=160'
43
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=155'
44
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=169'
45
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=154'
46
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=152'
47
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=147'
48
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=9'
49
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=143'
50
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=206'
51
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=209'
52
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=205'
53
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=137'
54
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=201'
55
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=196'
56
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=202'
57
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=195'
58
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=203'
59
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=197'
60
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=200'
61
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=192'
62
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=204'
63
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=191'
64
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=207'
65
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=190'
66
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=185'
67
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=134'
68
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=182'
69
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=131'
70
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=173'
71
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=128'
72
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=127'
73
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=122'
74
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=115'
75
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=108'
76
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=97'
77
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=62'
78
SELECT id
 FROM jos_menu
 WHERE type = 'content_item_link'
 AND published = 1
 AND link = 'index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=53'
79
SELECT * FROM jos_jreactConfig LIMIT 1